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This study investigated 11 different longline hook sizes to increase catch of nemipterid fisheries  while reducing bycatch in the Phillippines. The largest hook demonstrated the lowest catch in count and weight, but did catch larger individual fish. Middle-sized hooks led to higher target catch, but also higher bycatch. The authors suggest that larger hooks would increase individual catch sizes and reduce bycatch, and that regulation of hook sizes is essential for for sustainable fishery management.

This study tested the use of an excluder grid with 90mm bar spacing to reduce bycatch of blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) in  demersal trawl fisheries in the Mediterannean. The 90mm excluder grid was not very efficient in reducing blackmouth catshark bycatch because only the larger individuals were excluded, and the target catches of greater forkbeard fish (Phycis blennoides) and (to a lesser extent) Norwegian lobster (N. norvegicus) was reduced. Results of modeling suggest that reducing the grid bar spacing to 70mm would provide a better trade-off of reducing blackmouth catshark bycatch while keeping a high catch rate of greater forkbeard and Norwegian lobster.

This study investigated the use of two new elasmobranch bycatch reducing devices in a Mediterranean multispecies bottom trawl fishery- the shark excluder device (SED) and a flexible grid (Flexgrid). The SED was effective in reducing elasmobranch bycatch and did not impact mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) target catch, but did reduce catch for some large bony fish species. The results from the Flexgrid were limited due to small sample size, but there was no impact on catch of main target species although a shark was incidentally caught. SED and Flexgrid could be combined with other conservation measures such as seasonal fishing closures to mitigate elasmobranch bycatch. 

This study investigated the use of two new elasmobranch bycatch reducing devices in a Mediterranean multispecies bottom trawl fishery- the shark excluder device (SED) and a flexible grid (Flexgrid). The SED was effective in reducing elasmobranch bycatch and did not impact mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) target catch, but did reduce catch for some large bony fish species. The results from the Flexgrid were limited due to small sample size, but there was no impact on catch of main target species although a shark was incidentally caught. SED and Flexgrid could be combined with other conservation measures such as seasonal fishing closures to mitigate elasmobranch bycatch. 

This paper focuses on mitigation measures specified by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) related to threatened seabirds foraging in the south Atlantic Ocean. The authors developed an ecological risk assessment for various combinations of mitigation measures to protect five threatened albatross and petrel populations, comparing those specified by ICCAT to those recommend by the Seabird Bycatch Working Group of the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). They conclude that updating existing mitigation measure specifications for pelagic longlining in the South Atlantic to reflect current best practice guidelines would potentially reduce seabird mortality by 41–86 %, and predict that simultaneous application of all three ACAP recommended mitigation measures recommended (includingnight setting, branch line weighting, bird-scaring lines, and hook shielding devices) could reduce seabird mortality by 72–93 % and therefore should be considered by ICCAT.

This study investigated the effectiveness of retention bans for reducing shark mortality in longline and gillnet fisheries, as reported in 160 relevant studies across 341 shark species. Results suggest that retention bans can reduce shark mortality when averaged across all species, but that species with lower intrinsic population growth rates benefit less from a retention ban than those with higher rates of population growth. The authors stress that retention bans alone cannot address unsustainable shark bycatch and mortality, and that efforts should be combined with other mitigation measures such as spatial/temporal fishery closures. Smaller-bodied species are more likely to die at the vessel, whereas deep-water species are more likely to experience mortality post-release.

This review paper reflects on the past 50 years of efforts to save the vaquita (Phocoena sinus) from extinction, with the primary threat being lethal bycatch in gillnets set for the totoaba fish in the upper Gulf of California. Both the conservation goals for the vaquita and the economic and social goals for the local fisheries have consistently failed to meet even the lowest stakeholder expectations, and the vaquita population has continued to decline. The authors call for an "immediate and definitive decision" to either preserve the vaquita or aid sustainable fisheries in the region, being aware of the costs of either choice and similar conservation failure stories such as with the Yangtze River dolphin in China.

This summary study describes all identified fishing techniques that have been used globally to reduce unintended species bycatch, to improve clarity on available techniques and highlight opportunities for further research and development. Of the total 55 techniques identified, the majority are specific to long-line fisheries and to designed to benefit small mammals, seabirds, and sea turtles. Additionally, the majority of techniques (81%) attempt to avoid contact of bycatch species with fishing gear altogether, rather than attempting escape or release.